VIENNA CONGRESS

Vienna Congress took place in the Austrian capital between 1814 and 1815 in order to restore the territorial structure and the legitimacy of the sovereigns at the end of the Napoleonic wars. To ensure peace in Europe, Vienna congress put the bases for a stable balance among the States, keeping under control the French power. France's borders returned to be those of 1792, while all militarys troops, provided with victorious powers. The old Dutch united Provinces were merged with the Austrian Netherlands, forming a new united kingdom country, Netherlands under Orange-Nassau's dinastys. Sardinia's kingdom, returned to the Savoy, regained Nice and the Savoy got the former Genoa's republic. The Habsburg Empire obtained Venice's republic. The tsar was able to have the full control of Poland's kingdom, while Sweden's was reinforced with Norway's possession. It was formed a Germanic confederation formed by 39 sovereign states, that included part of Prussia and the Habsburg Empire, whose crown was given president of the Central Organ of the Confederation. The Swiss Cantons met in a confederation, which was ensured indipendence and neutrality. Greit Britain gained strategic territories from about business and the control of maritime routes, including the Cape of Good Hope. 
Italy, in the Vienna Congress, was in a marginal position compared with great interpreters of politics of the time,  forced to suffer the will and interests of the stronger nations. The Italian peninsula was divided and invaded, without a real political power. From that congress,  the peninsula came out  completely, further, dismembered. The Kingdom of Sardinia, into the hands of Savoy, regained Piedmont and Savoy extended with the acquisition of the former Genoa's Republic and the return of Nice; In the north of the country the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia  formed under the Austrian Emperor Francis I and included the Republic of Venice; The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was assigned to Marie Louise, daughter of Emperor Francis I; The Duchy of Modena and Reggio passed to the Archduke Francis IV of Habsburg-Este; The Grand Duchy of Tuscany had as sovereign Ferdinand III of Habsburg-Lorraine; Naples kingdom returned to Ferdinand IV of Bourbon in 1817, with the acquisition of Sicily, formed the kingdom of the two Sicilies. The Papal States returned to the Pontiff, Pope Pius VII, who, however, lost Avignon in a definitive way. Italy was divided, and it would have remained so for many decades. Vienna Congress was able to secure almost forty years of peace in Europe, also  important decisions were taken regarding the abolition of the slave trade and the protection of freedom of navigation on the rivers that crossed several states or they constitued the border between one state and another.

Fishing

Fishing in Marche’s coast is very flourishing; in fact the region is in one of the first places for fishing. In spite of the marine impoverishment, the sea has always furnished a plentiful supply of fish, the main fishing centres being Ancona, San Benedetto Del Tronto, Fano and Civitanova Marche. The fishiest part of sea is the one in front of Mont Conero’s promontory. Fish production of Marche represents a tenth of all Italian one. More abundant fishing is that of crustaceans and mollusc. Only Ancona’s port is natural, but there are important artificial ports.

Manufacture

In The Marche there are a lot of small and medium-sized industries. The most important one those which produces shoes and forniture. This region is the most important shoe distict in Italy, in fact here are produced also importartant brands. Forniture is very important, expecially in Fabriano. In this region every kind of footwear is produced and leather too. The Marche are famous all around the world for its Made In Italy.

The invention of paper in Fabriano

Fabriano is famous in the world for the production of paper that was established there in 1276. An important invention was made thanks to the ability of Peter Miliani, who in 1782 opened a business complex dedicated to the manufacture of paper, made good necessary and common ... In a short time the Miliani Fabriano paper mills became the only paper mills of the Papal States, and started to produce the kinds of paper that still have great success, as the sketchbook "Fabriano" that everyone in Italy, uses at school. The Paper Museum of Fabriano is the perfect place to read up on the history of paper and the ancient manufacturing techniques.

Tourism

San Benedetto del Tronto is one of the main holiday resorts of Marche between the Tronto and Tesino rivers; it boasts beaches and the particular thing of this sea city is the over 7 thousand palm trees that gives a touch of tropical charm, known as one of the most enchanting in Italy. Its shallow and calm water makes this beach ideal for long walks. Besides San Benedetto del Tronto has got one of the most important fishing ports on Italy's Adriatic coast and a remarkable fish market. San Benedetto has established itself, since the early decades of the twentieth century, as one of the most famous and appreciated Italian resorts. Starting from the second half of the 1960s, has imposed even as the first tourist destination of Marche. The proximity of San Benedetto del Tronto in the verdant hills of Piceno with important medieval villages, enables interesting excursions for lovers of art, history and gastronomy, within a few kilometres.  

 

PRESENTATION

Hi,I'm Sofia and I'm 15. I live in Grottammare in the town centre, near the sea. I have a sister. My parents are divorced and I live with my mother, my sister and with my mum's partner. In the weekend, sometimes, I go to my father's home. I have any pets. I'm a cheerful and outgoing girl, but sometimes I'm shy and moody, too. I like to stay and to go out with my friends and to make new friends. I love reading books, watching movies and listening to music. I spend much time with my best friends in the weekend. I like cooking and making cakes. I love Spanish and English. Two times in the week I go to the gym.

CHRISTMAS

Christmas is an important event for the Italians, celebrated on 24,25 and 26 December. My family and I go to my grandparents' on 24 and there are all my uncles, aunts and cousins. We usually begin to eat at 8 to midnight and we eat fish like dried salt cod, salmon and tuna. We bring some gifts for everyone which we put under the Christmas tree and after dinner we unwrap every gift. On 25 we go to church and then my relatives and me have Christmas lunch and we eat meat. The most famous Italian cakes are 'panettone', made by candied fruit; 'pandoro' and 'torrone' made with chocolate and hazelnut. In my family, we eat 'pastiera', too, which is a typical Neapolitan sweet.

In Italy, like in other countries, we make the Christmas tree and we put lights inside the houses and outside, like in the streets, in the main street and on the seafront. The city suddenly lit up. During the holidays the nearby cities and mine organize some festivals and fairs, where there are traditional food and songs, there are live cribs, too. The best known Christmas songs are Bianco Natale(White Christmas), Astro Del Ciel(Star In The Sky) and Tu Scendi Dalle Stelle(You Come Down From The Stars).

ASTRO DEL CIEL

Astro del ciel, Pargol divin, 

mite Agnello Redentor! 

Tu che i Vati 

da lungi sognar, 

tu che angeliche voci nunziar, 

luce dona alle genti, 

pace infondi nei cuor! 

luce dona alle genti, 

pace infondi nei cuor! 

Astro del ciel, Pargol divin, 

mite Agnello Redentor! 

Tu di stirpe regale decor, 

Tu virgineo, mistico fior, 

luce dona alle genti, 

pace infondi nei cuor! 

Luce dona alle genti, 

pace infondi nei cuor!

Astro del ciel, Pargol divin, 

mite Agnello Redentor.

Tu disceso a scontare l'error, 

Tu sol nato a parlare d'amor, 

luce dona alle genti, 

pace infondi nei cuor.

Luce dona alle genti, 

pace infondi nei cuor.

STAR IN THE SKY

Star in the sky, divine infant.

Meek Lamb Redeemer

You that make poets dream

announce,

give light to the nations,

instill peace in the heart!

give light to the nations,

instill peace in the heart!

Star in the sky, Infany,

meek Lamb Redeemer!

You decor of royal lineage,

You virginal mystic flower,

gives light to the nations,

instill peace in the heart!

Gives light to the nations,

instill peace in the heart!

Star in the sky, Infany,

meek Lamb Redeemer.

You descended to expiate sin,

You only born to speak of love,

give light to the nations,

instill peace in the heart.

Give light to the nations,

instill peace in the heart.

CAKES

 PANETTONE

 PANDORO

 TORRONE

PASTIERA